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This represents a decrease compared to 1995, when these categories comprised more than half of the industry\u2019s total carbon footprint. Our paper contributes to the debate about whether it is feasible to meet the growing demand for housing and infrastructure while aligning with the Paris Agreement goals. This gap extends into the future, raising questions about the extent to which current construction trends will evolve as the built environment expands under an increasingly constrained carbon budget. First, the historical trajectory of the carbon cost of constructing the built environment remains unclear11,12,13. To untangle this tension, we must understand whether, when, and how much the global construction carbon footprint will exceed the carbon budget under the current population growth and construction development. The tension lies in how to align the carbon cost of the global built environment with global climate commitments while at the same time providing the essential infrastructure for a growing population.<\/p>\n
A comparative case study by Sandanayake et al.30 also revealed that long auger hole pressure pile technology reduces carbon emission intensity per unit area in foundation construction. Gao et al.27 also demonstrated that larger structural components require more energy for lifting, resulting in increased emissions during construction. Chang et al.28 also highlighted in their study on the embodied carbon emissions of steel structures that rebar with diameters of 10\u201325 mm incurs 20\u201330% higher per-unit carbon emissions when welded compared to those connected mechanically.<\/p>\n